Surely Allah has heard the word of the woman who pleaded with you concerning her husband and who complained to Allah; and Allah has heard both of your conversations, indeed, Allah is the All-Hearing, All-Observing.
This verse mentions the scene of Khoula Binth Sa’alab, who was disputing with the Messenger regarding ‘Dhihar’ done by her husband. It is Lord Allah who assigned ‘Khoula’ to argue with the Messenger to send down verses concerning ‘Dhihar’. Whatever is happening in the universe happened according to the decision of the Three-Time Knower Lord Allah. In the following verses, the judgment regarding ‘Dhihar’ is explained.
Since ‘Khoula’ was arguing for getting a judgment, it is allowed. But it is told in verse 40: 56 that indeed, those who are disputing the verses of Allah without any Authority given to them, their chests are not in arrogance except for what they can’t achieve—so you seek refuge with Allah; indeed, He is All-Hearing, All-Observing. As told in verses 41: 26-28, those who repudiate the verses of Allah are the hypocrites who are the enemies of Allah. But arguing using the verses of Allah to establish the Message of the verses as Allah intends is included in Jihad. See explanation 29: 46-49; 40: 4-5 and 35.